Augmented Reality - 1556 Words

According to Oxford dictionaries, â€Å"Augmented Reality† is a technology that provides the user a computer produced image of the real world (â€Å"Augmented Reality†). A source states that augmented reality in programing language is the process of combining images and videos from the real world with computer generated data. The development of the new computers has made it possible to engage data with augmented reality. The practical uses of augmented reality started with military instruments such as real time video displays that were being used in airplanes and tanks to detect targets accurately. Augmented reality was also used in video games to increase the realism of the game. Thus, a lot of militaries have used that method to train their†¦show more content†¦The same source claims that experts have suggested using augmented reality in subjects of science such as, astronomy, chemistry, biology and mathematics (Lee). Augmented reality applications with porta ble devices is not considered or classified by any specific age. Some people may use those applications to get detailed information about the area or country that they are planning to visit. It also may be used for researches of the history of countries (Forsyth). However, augmented reality is still not has been applied in schools and universities due to the lack of dealing with its needs. In astronomy, students learn about the universe and how did it originate. Teachers may manage to use augmented reality applications to show students 3D shapes of the earth, starts and another planets to give the student the full control of analyzing the shapes to understand it clearly (Lee). A source declares that augmented reality may be able to help people to learn a foreign language easily. Some people when they want to learn a new language they face a lot of complications due to the lack of vocabulary and difficulties with describing their ideas. Augmented reality promises to dissolve those obstacles by using multimedia documents. Learning a foreign language using portable devices may provide learners more options than they could gain from a teacher. Those learners decide where, what and when to learn (Liu et al.). A group ofShow MoreRelatedThe Technology Of Augmented Reality2610 Words   |  11 PagesCommunication Augmented Reality Student Name: Gagandeep Singh Mangat Student ID: i133658 Batch Number: IT6314 Date: 15th Aug 2014 Tutor Name: Rashi Weerawarna Executive Summary This report investigates the technology of Augmented Reality and examines its aspects of using in our companies. A brief introduction of this technology and its operation is initially outlined. It then explains about the hardware and software technology used in Augmented Reality. After thatRead MoreAugmented Reality ( Ar )1947 Words   |  8 Pages Augmented Reality Afnan AlSharif Aalsharif2012@my.fit.edu 9011295980 Abstract The information I used in my body of work for my research is focusing on introducing augmented reality (AR) to all types of audience. This new technology is approaching people in many different ways and I emphasized on some of these topics. In spite the fact that augmented reality is a wide topic with a very vast information, I’ll explain augmented reality from my point of view and a brief history ofRead MoreAugmented Reality And Wearable Devices1401 Words   |  6 PagesMarketing: 350 Conclusion: 249 Title â€Å"Augmented reality and wearable devices will be implemented to monitor and give quick feedback on daily life, especially tied to personal health.† â€Å"Augmented reality is a descriptive used to explain the ways in which information layers added by networked devices can inform people in ways that were not possible before the wireless Internet† (Pew Research Center). Summary The paper describes the many different ways augmental reality is contributing to the new era ofRead MoreThe Classifications Of Augmented Reality1834 Words   |  8 Pages4.2 Classifications of Augmented reality There are two types of simple augmented reality: marker-based which uses cameras and visual cues, and marker less which use positional data such as a mobile s GPS and compass. i) Marker based AR Various types of markers are images that can be detected by a camera, and used by the software as the location for virtual assets placed in a scene. Most of them are black and white markers. Simple augmented reality markers can consist of some basic shapes made upRead MoreComparing Virtual and Augmented Reality1925 Words   |  8 Pagesvirtual reality and augmented reality Definition of the augmented reality is a meaning of enhanced reality because augmented reality is a technology that gives a real physical view to the users. Normally the process of the augmented is just adding some extra data to the perception of things around users which are not visible in the memory. Definition of the virtual reality is a meaning of reality with the imaginary because virtual reality are normally refers to the simulation of the reality in theRead MoreVarious Aspects Of Augmented Reality Essay2089 Words   |  9 Pages1) Introduction The purpose of this report is to explain various aspects of Augmented Reality. This Report briefly describes the technology used, types, applications, cost of implementation, merits and demerits of Augmented Reality. Suppose you have a gadget, which displays information about the things you look at. For example, you focus on a hotel and it displays everything available on internet about that hotel like its menu and reviews by customers, or points towards a stranger sitting in frontRead MoreBenefits Of Using Augmented Reality1838 Words   |  8 PagesValue Proposition Using augmented reality to provide motorcyclists with rear vision wider than the traditional mirrors, and information in real-time, enhancing both the rider experience and safety. Product Description Our team is excited to introduce the first augmented reality (AR) motorcycle helmet. This will revolutionize the motorcycle helmet industry by enhancing the rider experience and improving rider safety in ways that are unprecedented. Our product starts as a premium quality, full-faceRead MoreAugmented Reality : Reality Or Reality?1289 Words   |  6 PagesAugmented Reality As you all know, technology has evolved throughout centuries. It is the living proof that an idea can get transformed into reality. This certain type of technology enhances the way life appears and positively affects one’s perception of reality. You may be wondering â€Å"How can all this be possible? â€Å"Augmented Reality works in complicated ways, but it’s not impossible. What it does is blurs the line between what’s actually real and what’s actually computer generated. WhatRead MoreThe Basic Idea Of Early Prototype Augmented Reality Essay1423 Words   |  6 PagesThe basic idea of early prototype Augmented Reality is the image, sound and other sensory reinforcement function added to the real world environments. Although the early Augmented Reality technology is appear in the television game and rugby game. The system can display images from only one angle of view. In order to necessary for normal operation, Augmented Reality system required three components: 3.1 Head-mounted display (HMD): Augmented Reality developers need to integration these three componentsRead MoreDescription Of Augmented Reality1401 Words   |  6 Pagesuser. Augmented reality (AR) is a live direct or indirect view of a physical and real-world environment whose elements are augmented by computer-generated real-world sensory inputs. These inputs can be sound, video, graphics, haptics or GPS data. AR is related to the concept called computer-mediated reality, in which a view of reality is changed (possibly even decreased rather than augmented) by a computer. Augmented reality enhances a person’s perception of reality. Combining Augmented reality

Describe the different roles in a business buying center....

A.Describe the different roles in a business buying center. Then outline which individuals might play those roles in the process of buying food for a school cafeteria. Buying centers have numerous of roles of participation in the purchasing decision process. There are users who are the people who actually use the goods and services. Their role in the consumer decision making are very important. The user may help to facilitate the purchase actions by requesting specific products and they made aid in the development of a specific products specifications. A prime example of this is Office Depot whose customers have influence the purchase of office equipment. A user has the buying power to change the market direction of a business. Because†¦show more content†¦There would be no export expense of coffee beans and the general office of Starbucks in Mexico could purchase direct from the growers in Mexico to cut cost. The presence of Starbucks would promote domestic business and will also provide more jobs within that country. Because Starbucks have most of its coffee beans exported from Latin American as a marketer I would look into building a gr ow and processing plant for the production of coffee beans within the country of Mexico. It would be great for Starbucks to expand more into the coffee market and promote as well as produce a better product for the worlds consumption. Market growth is important for an expanding company like Starbucks. Farm land and a processing plant with provide a great deal of economic stability for the country of Mexico and its people. New jobs would be available and training of different jobs position would now be required. An expansion of Starbucks would also develop a social-cultural relationship with Starbucks and the newly employed Mexican Starbucks employees. Not only would Starbucks improve the economic status of the people who would be employed by the company. 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Hamlet’s Emotions Free Essays

Stephanie Gaitan Mr. Kennedy ENG 3U1 23 November 2009 Emotions In the play Hamlet by William Shakespeare, the main character Hamlet is seen as a very emotional person. His emotions change all the time throughout the play so he attempts to act crazy so nobody knows what’s going on with him. We will write a custom essay sample on Hamlet’s Emotions or any similar topic only for you Order Now When he acts crazy to hide his emotions, it affects everyone else but, Hamlet does not realize it. The emotions that he shows in the play are sorrow, anger and guilt. Hamlet shows sorrow after his fathers death, when his mother re married 2 months after the death of his father and he shows sorrow when he finds out that Ophelia died. In the beginning of the play, you see Hamlet as the only one still grieving over his father while everyone else enjoys the ceremony. The king and Queen do not like him grieving so much so they try to tell Hamlet to move on from it because everyone dies. The Queen confronts Hamlet first and tells him to stop mourning over his father. â€Å"Good Hamlet, cast thy knighted colour off†¦ do not for ever with thy vailed lids/ Seek for thy noble father in the dust. † (1. 2. 69-72) She than tells him that everybody dies. â€Å"Thou know’st ‘tis common: all that lives must die/ Passing through nature to eternity. (1. 2. 73-74) After everybody leaves the ceremony in the castle, Hamlet is by himself and he talks about his father and how he was an excellent king, and he talks about how quickly his mother re married. â€Å"†¦ Within a month/ Ere yet the salt of most unrighteous tears/ Had left the flushing in her galled eyes,/ She married, O most wicked speed! † (1. 2. 155-158) Near the end of the play Hamlet finds out that Ophelia died. While hiding in the graveyard, he hears Laertes talking about her and how she will be an angel. Hamlet is shocked and says â€Å"What, the fair Ophelia! (5. 1. 230) Hamlet later comes out of hiding and talks about how much he loves Ophelia and how he would do anything for her. â€Å" I loved Ophelia. Forty-thousand brothers/ Could not with all their quantity of love/ Make up my sum. † (5. 1. 262-264) Therefore the Queens actions and death’s of his father and Ophelia bring sorrow to Hamlet. Hamlet shows anger when the ghost that looks like his father told him that Claudius killed him, when he talks to his mother about how wrong it was to move on so quickly and when Laertes chokes him at Ophelia’s funeral. In the beginning of the play Hamlet is told about the ghost that looks like his father so he follows it until they are both alone. The ghost tells Hamlet that his father was poisoned by his uncle. â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Tis given out that, sleeping in my orchard. / a serpent stung me; so the whole ear of Denmark/ Is by a forged process of my death†¦ The serpent that did sting thy father’s life/ Now wears his crown. † (1. 5. 40-45) Hamlets response is revenge. He gets angry and seeks revenge on his uncle. â€Å"Haste me know’t, that I with wings as swift/ As meditation or the thoughts of love/ May sweep to my revenge. (1. 5. 33-35) Also in the beginning, Hamlet talks about his mother in anger. He is angry about how quickly she forgot about his father and how quickly she could be with somebody else. â€Å"†¦ Heaven and earth! / Must I remember? Why, she would hang on him/ As is increase of appetite had grown/ By what it fed on; and yet within a month-/ Le t me not think on’t! Frailty, thy name is woman! † (1. 2. 144-148). Later on in the play Hamlet is alone with his mother and he points out that she is weak and she didn’t see the mistakes she made. †¦ What devil was’t/ That thus hath cozened you at hoodman-blind/ Eyes without feeling, feeling without sight,/ Ears without hands or eyes, smelling sans all,/ Or but a sickly part of one true sense/ Could not so mope. † (3. 4. 83. 88) Hamlet than talks about how his uncle is disgusting and his father was a better king. â€Å"Nay, but to live/ In the rank sweat of an enseamed bed,/ Stewed in corruption, honeying and making love/ Over that nasty sty! † (3. 4. 100-103) When Hamlet’s in the graveyard, he hides from the Queen, King and Laertes. He listens to that is going on and when Laertes talks about how much he’s grieving for Ophelia. Hamlet gets angry. He comes out of hiding and Laertes chokes him. Hamlet threatens Laertes by saying â€Å"Thou pray’st not well. / I prithee take thy fingers from my throat,/ For though I am not spleritive and ras,/ Yet have I in me something dangerous,/ Which let thy wisdom fear hold off thy hand. † (5. 1. 250-254) Therefore Gertrude, Claudius and Laertes’ actions bring anger to Hamlet. Hamlet shows quilt when he’s on the ship to England, when he apologizes to Laertes and when Horatio tries killing himself. When Hamlet is on the ship to England, he does to speak with the captain and he finds out why they are going to attack a small piece of Poland. When the captain tells Hamlet that they are doing it for honor he starts to feel guilty because he knows he wouldn’t do something like that and he starts to feel guilty about not killing Claudius yet. Hamlet talks to himself after talking to the captain and says, â€Å"†¦ Rightly to be great/ Is not to stir without great argument,/ But greatly to find quarrel in a straw/ When honor’s at the stake. How stand I then,/ That have a father killed , a mother stained,/ Excitements of my reason and my blood,/ And let all sleep, while to my shame I see/ The imminent death of twenty thousand men/ That, for a fantasy and trick of fame,/ Go to their graves like beds, fight for a plot. † (4. 4. 55-64) In the final scene, just before Hamlet and Laertes fight, the king comes and makes them hold hands. Hamlet turns to Laertes and gives him a big apology. â€Å"Give me your pardon, sir. I have done you wrong;/ But pardon’t as you are gentleman. This presence knows, and you must needs have heard,/ How I am punished with a sore distraction. / What I have done/ That might your nature, honor and exception/ Roughly awake, here I proclaim madness. † (5. 2. 216-222) Hamlet asks for forgiveness for everything wrong he has done to Laertes. He accepts his apology but he says â€Å"I am satisfied in nature,/ Whose motive in this case should stir me most/ To my revenge. † (5. 2. 235-237) At the very end of the play, most people die. Horatio finds out that Hamlet id dying so he tries killing himself by trying to get what’s left of the poison in the cup. Hamlet stops him and says â€Å"As thou’rt a man/ Give me the cup. Let go, by heaven I’ll have’t. / O god, Horatio, what a wounded name,/ Things standing thus unknown, shall I leave behind me. / If thou didst ever hold me in thy heart,/ Absent thee from felicity awhile,† (5. 2. 354-359) Therefore Laertes, Horatio and not being able to kill Claudius right away brings guilt to Hamlet. In conclusion Hamlet experiences a lot of emotions during the play that were mostly caused by the actions of others. If no one died, than Hamlet wouldn’t have the emotions of sorrow, anger and quilt, he would just be miserable. How to cite Hamlet’s Emotions, Papers

Resolved That colleges and universities have a mo Essay Example For Students

Resolved: That colleges and universities have a mo Essay Joeral obligation to prohibitthe public expression of hate speech on their campuses. Alexander, Larry. BANNING HATE SPEECH AND THE STICKS AND STONES DEFENSE. Constitutional Commentary. Spring, 1996In addressing this issue, I, like most of the scholars, shall take hate speech to mean epithets conventionally understood to be insulting references to characteristics such as race, gender, nationality, ethnicity, religion, and sexual preference. First, it is insulting, and insults are psychologically wounding and cause emotional distress. Second, it creates unequal opportunity in the school and workplace environments. Third, it silences those who are its targets, depriving them of their freedom of speech. Fourth, it offends by flouting social norms regarding proper verbal behavior. And, fifth, its expression is a speech act that shows disrespect for or even subordinates its targets. Look, labling something as subjective is not the same as saying it does not exist or is not important. There are documented studies, I assume, where the psychological effects of hate speech are shown. That may be subjective in so far as it will not effect everyone in the same way, but if you were to go around hitting people, it would hurt them each a little differently (the strong guys wouldnt be hurt, the old ladies might die). People are not alawys able to think perfectly rationally I know hes just an idiot if he calls me some bad name which Im not, but I still feel upset and I think an interesting angle to this is, how much different is hate crime from ordinary insults? If i call someone a stupid ignorant jerk is that really categorically different than calling someone a racial slur?I think the intent behind the speech is worth examining. For the stupid ignorant jerk i might just have been upset at them or clash with their personality. It is an individually directed attack (which I suppose is better?). But hate speech is taken from false stereotypical ideas about groups of people and intended to harm, opress, or in some way damage the targets simply because of their birth. Allright, thats all I will ramble about for now Challenging is different from banning. Banning merely allowsopinions to smolder and gain force over time. Banning also serves those who are in power. It so happens that today universityadministrations are typically liberal. The books or opinions that arebanned are called hate speech. Hate speech is defined asspeaking derogatorily against minorities. The danger, however, is thatuniversities may not always be dominated by this type of thinking. Perhaps speaking badly of capitalists will in the future be called hatespeech. Speaking in behalf of Marx will not only earn disdain, it maycall for punishment. Since opinions about revolution, class warfare,and the incorrigibe vices of capitalists have become banned opinions. The danger is not in what people say, or how they say it. The problem is the culture it helps to create. It becomes part of our socialization. For example, my mom has never seen a commercial or read a magazine article that said You should be afraid of all black people, yet, if shes walking down the street and a black person is coming in the other direction, her gut reaction is going to be to reach for her purse and hold on to it just a little tighter. Theres no logical reason for this, but she does it anyway. The danger with hate messages are the subliminal ones. Its the stereotypes that we learn and internalize without even realizing that were doing it. Then again, for some, there is still danger in the explicit hate speech as well. Take for instance, the attacks in Central Park.several of the attackers were video taped chanting lyrics to songs such as Like, woah, The Thong Song and Gangsta B. Try telling one of the over 50 women who were assualted that day that hate speech doesnt hurt anyone. Its just talk, NO one with any intelligence is advocating that the fact that somone is offended is the jutsifying condition for the limitation of hate speechFurthermore, theres no independent impact to the arguement: the affirmative is using pretty bright line standards of harm (working on the narrow assumption that oppression is a BAD THING) and the kind of subjective standards you decry are already employed in virtually every sexual harasment and discrimination case, all of which measue subjective mental states by reasonable man standards. Furthermore, its!become an almost incredibly stupid dogma among debaters that the marketplace of ideas is simply beyond reproach, requiring no kinds of outside conditions in order to be sustained. Try actually READING On Liberty. Mill says himself that the greatest danger to the free expression of ideas isnt censorship, but the way cultural conditions prevent us from listening to certain segments of our population. By defining censorship in the hopelessly narrow manner ofdirect suppression, we provide a linguistic mask for the very real patterns of exlusion that effectively remove minorities from our deliberation(i smell some discursive impacts, rights talk and critical race theory not being the least among them) . Im going to quickly tire of negatives devoting almost no critical thought to thier side of the debate, because they can simply regurgitate existing liberal doctrine. Since the posting of the new resolution there have been various definitions of the term hate speech. There seem to be two arguments emerging:1) The stock arguments that hate speech is hard to define., and2) The argumentation of lets define hate speech absurdly and critique the Like most LD debaters, I hate definitional debates. Therefore, I think that we should look to contextual definitons. Mari Matsuda, in Words that Wound, defines racist speech through three criteria: 1) the message itself suggests racial inferiority; 2) it is directed against a historically oppressed group; 3) the message is hateful, degrading, and persecutory in nature. Andrew Altman, in Campus Speech Codes, also defines hate speech as meeting three conditions: first, the speaker must intend to harm another individual based on specific characteristics (e.g., race, gender, sexual orientation); second, the speech must be directly addressed to the individual; and finally, the speech must convey hate or contempt for the individual at whom Id also like to note here that the resolution is limited to the public expression of hate speech, which means that overly broad definitions of The two of you are both right the a slippery slope argument is a fallacyand all that. And so with the understanding that Im not in disagreement,let me add that I think a modification to slippery slope arguments oftenmakes them plenty reasonable. The fallacy of the argument is that because Xhappens, Z must also happen (often assuming no middle ground- Y- or notrecognizing a step ladder of varying levels and extremes upon which tobuild a rational understanding of whatever the topi c may be). That said, inarguments regarding hate speech, censorship, and the hypothetical effectthese concepts may have on protection of free speech, it doesnt seemunreasonable at all to show how one decision establishes a certainprecident, and that combined with human error and social imperfection, oneprecident may happen to lead to the undesirable outcome of Z, or at least astate of affairs that closely resembles Z. In other words, I think therecan logically be some truth to a similar line of argumentation, so long asit goes beyond pointing out shallow correlations or assuming some ungodlyseries of events will just happen to occur. Sometimes taking a little doesresult in taking a lot, and so on. Proving a link or showing a highprobability of a link is the catch, but such is debate. I found a great book on this.. its called campus Hate speech on trial by It provides arguments on both sides, and substantial evidence 4 both I will admit that the issue of whether accessing such hate speech via theweb constitutes public expression is arguable, but your argument here isthat even posting hate speech doesnt involve public expression. Is thistrue even if the poster is sending this hate speech to a listserv or webciteintending it to be seen by many others?The reason you would maybe even want to bring up the fact that you can use the internet as a type of public expression is to make the affs job harder. If you can prove that the internet can be used as a type of hate speech then that means the aff would have to defend prohibiting hate speech even on the internet on college campuses and thats just more trouble than its worht. Its a little petty but hey whatever wins. Regardless of where servers are located (and it really doesnt matter), Greg was right about why internet speech isnt topical: its avoidable. if you dont like messages, dont visit the web site. hate speech on campus isnt avoidable to those around; theyre forced to hear the hate groups messages and are affected by the speech without their consent. thats why hate I think that if public expression is defined to include the internet,good arguments are made to support this contention, and the judge isconvinced that this is the case, then this demonstrates good debatingskills and there is nothing unfair about it.However, if I was Aff, andI did not want the internet included, then I would use arguments that thisis not how public expression is understood in this context, or at least by most people. You could even point out that it would be *unfair* toinclude the internet in this debate (not that this is true). Who knows,this may be compelling enough for the judge to throw out the internet as* * I think that if public expression is defined to include the internet, **No it isnt because on the internet you have a choice if you want to view it or not. Whereas in public expression you have no choice in your listening. Deforestation Essay* Understand that while almost everyone will run the marketplace of ideas on the negative, that such a justification for freedom of speech is probably weakest in the hate speech context. First, the marketplace of ideas reduces speech to mere instrumental value, rather than intrinsic worth, and exposes the debater to criticism that the link is empirically false Second, the marketplace of ideas rests upon an analogy which may prove tenuous in the campus context. And third, the marketplace of ideas is subject to inherent limitations and restrictions which may encompass hate speech. Know your John Stuart Mill!* Critical race theory is obviously a fertile ground for many advanced affirmatives on this topic. Know the best ways to critique the Enlightenment philosophies and the racist assumptions underlying those philosophies. Dont be afraid to offer a kritik-style position in the round which urges the judge to take a brave stand against racism. * Watch for the paradox: the more entrenched racism is in our society, and thus the worse the harms, the more the negative will contend that the affirmative cant solve for those harms. Be sure to tell why the judges vote matters. A quick online search for hate speech or campus speech codes will turn up literally thousands of web pages. Good luck, and well be back with more in a week. Thats the whole flaw in this resolution. really there is no way to establish hate speech, because what is hate speech to one person is just speech or expression to another person. hate speech, morality they are both subjective which makes the neg so easy but the aff so difficult unless of course you get The slippery slope is a fallacy because it occurs when the conclusion of an argument rests upon an alleged chain reaction and there is not sufficient reason to think that the chain reaction will actually take place. Basically, when someone commits the slippery slope fallacy they depend on the supposition that X causes Y, whereas X probably will not cause Y at all. The link between the premise and conclusion depends on some imagined causal connection that probably doesnt existOk, back out of round. If this debater tells us that we set a dangerousprecedent, OK. If he/she says that we begin to grant authorities too muchpower with regards to our speech (for whatever reason), this is also OK. Ifthe debater argues that one restriction to speech encourages risky actionsamongst those who gots all the megapowers (and then explains), this wouldalso be fantabulicious. The problem stems from the suggestion that there issomehow a direct causal relationship between saying NO to Backstreet Boydeath threats, and saying NO to any other unrelated speech. The debaterassumes a slippery slope from policy A to policy B (which would undoubtedlybe horrid and fascist policy that might lead to nuclear holocaust). that is not true at all. Any speech that makes derogatory generalizationsabout people of particular colors, religions, and whatnot is hate speechto everybody. The Neo Nazis know just as well as everyone else that theirmessage is rooted in hate, and whats more, they are the first to say so,Over the past couple days, Ive finally gotten to do quite a bit of readingon the topic. It seems to me that the aff has quite a burden toovercomehate speech codes on college campuses have in many instances beenrejected because of two key reasons(1) hate speech codes can be viewed asparticularly suspect because they restrict speech due to content. It isparticularly difficult to maintain a strong value of freedom of speech whileallowing the content of the speech to be regulated. Many Supreme Courtjustices, as divergent in political philosophy as William Douglas to AntoninScalia, have written powerfully concerning this, and they make a lot ofsense. (2) many speech codes have also been overturned judici ally because ofoverbreadth and vagueness, two tendencies which seem almostintrinsically linked with any attempt to (a) define exactly what can berestricted because it is overly hateful, or (b) let victimized groups defineI know everybody and their novices will be running critical race theoristson this topic, talking about psychological harm and silencing, etc. Thispretty much means, I think, that if you want to advocate from this position,you also must agree with CRT folks that personal experience and narrativesof the oppressed ought to carry heavy weight in defining what is and isnthate speech. Additionally, most CRT folks recommend that only historicallyoppressed groups ought to be defended from hateful expression. All ofthis, it seems to me, causes great problems in crafting regulations whicharent at once likely to be very subjectively defined as well as verydebatable. Who has been or hasnt been historically oppressed is a matterof considerable difference of opinion. Second, this idea of vagueness can plausibly apply to any restriction. The way that we look at the vagueness of a rule is two-fold: 1) How uncertain or vague is the idea of the law? And 2) How significant is the harm that the restriction is working against? I think that a good aff will cover that ground or at least be able to do so. If we live in a society in which hate speech codes are being considered for college campuses, then it is a given that hate speech exists in other places within the society. Keeping that in mind, all the Neg. would have to prove is that it is better not to shelter the students from the real world. *In my mind, one of the most applicable Supreme Court cases to *regulating speech based upon content is that of Chaplinksy v. New*Hampshire. In this case, the Supreme Court ruled that the First *Amendment did not protect fighting words.1) Minor point: Has anyone else noticed how often New Hampshire shows up in landmark free speech cases? (In addition to Chaplinsky, one also finds Cox v. New Hampshire 1941, Poulos v. New Hampshire 1953, Wooley v. Maynard 1977this is the case about the Live Free or Die license plates, etc.) Weird. 2) Major point: Chaplinsky was a unanimous 1942 decision, but the court began eroding it almost before the ink was dry. There have been any number of subsequent decisions which all but killed the so-called fighting words doctrine. Take a look at Cohen v. California 1971, for instance, or Gooding v. WilBibliography: